(2017) Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. (2015) PIN-dependent auxin transport: action, regulation, and evolution. (© 2020 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.) These transporters can be suitably manipulated to develop 'Plants for the Future'. These specialized plant membrane transporters ensure a sustainable economic yield and high-quality products, especially under unfavorable conditions of growth. This review aims at giving insights on ABC transporters, their evolution, structure, functions and roles in different biological processes for helping the terrestrial plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. ABC transporters also suppress the seed embryonic growth until favorable conditions come. Microorganisms also engage a large number of ABC transporters to import and expel substrates decisive for their pathogenesis. ABC transporters are involved in the transport of secondary metabolites inside the cells. Tonoplast-localized ABC transporters are involved in internal detoxification of metal ion thus protecting against the DNA impairment and maintaining cell growth. In mitochondria and chloroplast, the iron metabolism and its transport across the membrane are mediated by ABC transporters. ABC proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, such as growth, development, uptake of nutrients, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, tolerance to metal toxicity, stomatal closure, shape and size of grains, protection of pollens, transport of phytohormones, etc. These proteins are localized in the membranes of chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes and vacuoles. ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as importers. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to a large protein family predominantly present in diverse species.
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